2023 edition
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What’s new in the 2023 edition
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Guideline development
- 1.0 Introduction
- 1.1 Scope
- 1.2 Context and use of this guideline
- 1.3 Models underpinning guideline development
- 1.4 Methodology of guideline development
- 1.5 Funding and conflicts of interest
- 1.6 Treatments not mentioned in this guideline
- 1.7 Participation in clinical research
- 1.8 Licensing and approval of medication
- 1.9 Contributors
- 1.10 Notes on the text
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Organisation of stroke services
- 2.0 Introduction
- 2.1 Public awareness of stroke
- 2.2 Definitions of specialist stroke services
- 2.3 Transfer to acute stroke services
- 2.4 Organisation of inpatient stroke services
- 2.5 Resources – inpatient stroke services
- 2.6 Location of service delivery
- 2.7 Transfers of care – general principles
- 2.8 Transfers of care from hospital to home – community stroke rehabilitation
- 2.9 Remotely delivered therapy and telerehabilitation
- 2.10 Measuring rehabilitation outcomes
- 2.11 Psychological care – organisation and delivery
- 2.12 Vocational rehabilitation
- 2.13 Follow-up review and longer term support
- 2.14 Stroke services for younger adults
- 2.15 End-of-life (palliative) care
- 2.16 Carers
- 2.17 People with stroke in care homes
- 2.18 Service governance and quality improvement
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Acute care
- 3.0 Introduction
- 3.1 Pre-hospital care
- 3.2 Management of TIA and minor stroke – assessment and diagnosis
- 3.3 Management of TIA and minor stroke – treatment and vascular prevention
- 3.4 Diagnosis and treatment of acute stroke – imaging
- 3.5 Management of ischaemic stroke
- 3.6 Management of intracerebral haemorrhage
- 3.7 Management of subarachnoid haemorrhage
- 3.8 Cervical artery dissection
- 3.9 Cerebral venous thrombosis
- 3.10 Acute stroke care
- 3.11 Positioning
- 3.12 Early mobilisation
- 3.13 Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
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Rehabilitation and recovery – principles of rehabilitation
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Rehabilitation and recovery – activity and participation
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Rehabilitation and recovery – motor recovery and physical effects of stroke
- 4.16 Introduction
- 4.17 Motor impairment
- 4.18 Arm function
- 4.19 Ataxia
- 4.20 Balance
- 4.21 Falls and fear of falling
- 4.22 Walking
- 4.23 Pain
- 4.23.1 Neuropathic pain (central post-stroke pain)
- 4.23.2 Musculoskeletal pain
- 4.23.3 Shoulder subluxation and pain
- 4.24 Spasticity and contractures
- 4.25 Fatigue
- 4.26 Swallowing
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Rehabilitation and recovery – psychological effects of stroke
- 4.27 Introduction
- 4.28 Psychological effects of stroke – general
- 4.29 Cognitive screening
- 4.30 Cognitive assessment
- 4.31 Apraxia
- 4.32 Attention and concentration
- 4.33 Memory
- 4.34 Executive function
- 4.35 Mental capacity
- 4.36 Perception
- 4.37 Neglect
- 4.38 Mood and well-being
- 4.39 Anxiety, depression and psychological distress
- 4.40 Apathy
- 4.41 Emotionalism
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Rehabilitation and recovery – communication and language
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Rehabilitation and recovery – sensory effects of stroke
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Long-term management and secondary prevention
- 5.0 Introduction
- 5.1 A comprehensive and personalised approach
- 5.2 Identifying risk factors
- 5.3 Carotid artery stenosis
- 5.4 Blood pressure
- 5.5 Lipid modification
- 5.6 Antiplatelet treatment
- 5.7 Anticoagulation
- 5.8 Other risk factors
- 5.9 Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
- 5.10 Patent foramen ovale
- 5.11 Other cardioembolism
- 5.12 Vertebral artery disease
- 5.13 Intracranial artery stenosis
- 5.14 Oral contraception and hormone replacement therapy
- 5.14.1 Oral contraception
- 5.14.2 Hormone replacement therapy
- 5.15 Obstructive sleep apnoea
- 5.16 Antiphospholipid syndrome
- 5.17 Insulin resistance
- 5.18 Fabry disease
- 5.19 Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
- 5.20 CADASIL
- 5.21 Cerebral microbleeds
- 5.22 Lifestyle measures
- 5.23 Physical activity
- 5.24 Smoking cessation
- 5.25 Nutrition (secondary prevention)
- 5.26 Life after stroke
- 5.27 Further rehabilitation
- 5.28 Social integration and participation
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Implementation of this guideline
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Acronyms and abbreviations
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Glossary
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Bibliography
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Contributors
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Appendices
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Previous editions of the guideline